At least one Thai soldier and four Cambodian civilians have been killed in border clashes between the two countries.
Both sides have blamed each other for the clashes, which were followed by Thai airstrikes on the border.
Malaysia, which helped broker the ceasefire, said the “fighting risks unravelling the careful work” done to stabilise the region.
Hundreds of thousands of residents have been forced to evacuate their homes on both sides of the border.
Conflict
Thailand and Cambodia have a long history of border disputes, which originated during French colonial rule in Cambodia.
Disputes over ambiguous borders drawn by the French in the 1900s led to sporadic military conflicts between 2008 and 2011, with eventual UN intervention.
The 2008 conflict also stemmed from Cambodia’s application to have the Preah Vihear temple, an 11th-century site on its side of the border, added to the World Heritage List.
Earlier clash
In July, the two countries were involved in deadly clashes, with each accusing the other of starting the violence.
Cambodia accused Thailand of launching a “deliberate, unprovoked, and unlawful” assault, claiming Thai forces had targeted civilian infrastructure.
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Thailand, in turn, said it was responding to an “unprovoked act of aggression” by Cambodian forces in the weeks prior.
At least 48 people were killed, and around 300,000 others were displaced during the clashes.
Ceasefires
In July, the two nations agreed to a five-day ceasefire after U.S. President Donald Trump suspended trade with both countries until the violence ended.
Thailand said the talks focused solely on halting violence to protect civilians near the conflict zone, rather than resolving the long-standing border dispute.
Last month, Trump visited Malaysia, where he helped broker a new deal that saw both countries agree to demilitarisation and the release of Cambodian soldiers detained in Thailand.
This week
Cambodia’s National Defence Ministry accused Thailand of triggering this week’s violence, saying the escalation followed “numerous provocative actions for many days”.
Thailand’s Government said its airstrikes were a response to targeted attacks by Cambodian forces on an airport and a hospital.
Malaysian President Anwar Ibrahim has urged the countries to “exercise maximum restraint,” warning the region “cannot afford to see long-standing disputes slip into cycles of confrontation”.
